Heating-stove.



Patenfed Apr. '29, |902.

E. ,Ri CAHODNE.

` HEATING sTovE.

`(Application filed Jan. 28, 1902.)

LNn Model.)

wi blusas 4 Sheets-'Sheet' l7 M ttomwg Patented Apr. 29,1902.

fm1.'v 69mm E. n. cAHouNE. HEATING `STOVE.

(Application led Jan. 28; 1902.)

v4 shuts-sheet 2.

No. 698.18m..

HEATING -smv|=..A (Application med Jan. 2, 1902.)

.4 Sheets-'Sheet .3.

v(llo Model.)

Witwen@ No. 698,8I0. Patented Apr. "29; i902. y

Y' E. R. (IAHONE.- :HEATING sTovE.

(Application led Jan. 28, 19(12.) (No Model.) v 4 SheetAs-Sheet 4` y Y.r v

, v lrmmf UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN R. OAHOONE, vOF TROY, NE\V YORK.

HEATING-Nove.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 698,810, dated April29, 1902.

Original application filed March 5, 1901l Serial No. 49,818.

.To a/ZZ whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, EDWIN R. CAHooNE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Troy, county of Rensselaer,State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Heating-Stoves, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in downdraftv heating-stoves andforms a division of my application filed March 5, 1901, Serial No.49,818.

The prime object of the invention is to provide an air-heating chamberat a point where the fuel is usually incandescent and to mount on saidchamber a re-pot and lire-pot eX- tension, each having specific meansfor`distributing air in conjunction with the airheating chamber.

In downdraft-stoves it is important that the heated air introduced forpromoting combustion be uniformly distributed to the fuel and at thesame time deliver the supply of air constantly.

It is therefore one of the purposes of this invention to prevent theuneven introduction of air by providing coverings .for those of theair-inlets which varelikely to become clogged by the fuel, so'that inthe event of the lay of the fuel being such that at one pointtheairi4supply would be cut olf at the face of any particular inlet the passagewould still-be uninterrupted and the ingress of air at other pointswould not be stopped. A

It is also the purposeof this inventionito provide a downdraft-stovewherein heated air is introduced at various points andv levels above thelevel of the bed of fuel and simultaneously therewith deliver air to theincandescent mass of fuel below the top thereof, all of said heated-aircurrents being drawn through the fuel under the iniiu'ence of the draft.

Many other objects and advantages will be hereinafter referredA to andbe particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 isv a vertical section of a stoveconstructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an enlargedvertical section of the air-heating chamber. Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection of the stove, taken approximately on the line Divided and thisapplication ined January 28,1902. serai (No model.)

A A of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a detail elevation of the air-heating chamber,illustrating the end of-one of the air-inlet pipes. Fig. 5 is a top,planview of the air-heating chamber.

6 is an enlarged detail section of the means employed to fasten theair-heating chamber in position. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on theline B B of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a detail horizontal section on the line CC, Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a detail vertical section of the means employed forintroducing air to the escaping4 products of combustion. Fig. 10 is adetail horizontal section on line D D, Fig. 1. Fig. 1l is a detailhorizontal section of a modification of air-pockets. v

The numeral 1V represents the stove-casing; 2,V the grate; 3, thefire-pot; 4, the exit-space intermediate the re-pot and casing; 5, .theair-heating chamber, and 6 the Ysmoke-exit flue.

The air-heating chamber 5 is mounted on supports 7 and is preferablycomposed of two sections 8 and .9, bolted or otherwisesecured together.The section 9 is composed of an outer and inner wall 10 and 11, whichtaper down toward their lower ends to the bottom 12,'wherein is formed aseries of air-exit openings -13. In the inner wall 11 is formed a stepor shoulder 15, provided with a series of perforations 16. Extendingfrom the upper edges of the. lower section are Vvertical andV.horizontal flanges 17, the two forming a seat forthe upper section 8.The section 8 is approximately U-shaped in cross-section, eX- cept thatits inner wall 19 has an inwardlyprojecting ange 20 at its lower end,which is provided with a series of verticallyarranged air-exit openings2l, and on the inclined portionl 22 of the section 8 are a numberofrlarger openings 23. The upper inner edge 24 of the section Sisslightly inclined toward the center and is provided with a series ofair-exit openings 25.

Extending radially from the sections 8 and 9 are semicircular'lugs 26,each having a bafiie-plate 27, and when said sections are placedtogether they form air-inlet flues 28. In each lower lug 26 is avertical boss 29, having in its upper end a notch 30. The flues 28register with openings 31 in the stove-casing 1,

and over the openings are placed ornamental Fig.

plates 32, perforated at 33 and having passed through the centerva bolt34, the inner end of which is seated in the notch 30 and is held thereinby a nut 35, said nut fitting between flanges formed on the inner sidesof the boss 29. By meansof this construction the parts can be quicklyassembled andbolted, and should access to the chamber be desired througha iiue 2S the screw 34 is releasedthe plate 32 is slightly raised todisengage the nut and bolt from the notch, when it can be Withdrawn.Lugs 36, having a crotch 37 in their upper ends, project from the uppersection 8 and are designed to more effectually secure the chamber 5 inposition. A bolt 38, passing through the crotch and a perforation in thecasing, clamps the parts together.

To prevent uneven distribution of the heated air to the fire-pot,partitions 39 are arranged in the air-heating chamber, formingpractically two separate compartments. This insures the air beingdirected evenly in each side of the chamber.

Hung in the openings 23 are bars 40, coinprisiug the lower part of thefire-pot.A The bars fit the openings 'loosely to permit air to pass tothe fuel.

The numeral 4]. represents a ring resting on the air-heating chamber andis designed to perform adouble function, to wit: The in ner side, whichextends toward the center, overlaps the annular chamber 5 and deflectsthe currents of heated air coming through the perforations 25 down intothe bed of the fuel, and it further supports the upper portion of thefire-pot and its extension. The fire-pot may be, if desired, made in onepiece. However, the most practical construction will be ceptible toignition when the lowest part of the `fire-pot is reached, Where ofcourse in stoves of this type the mass of fuel is the hottest.

The upper end of the section 46 is beveled,

soV as to afford as little resistance to the fuel and incomingair-currents as possible. The

n fire-pot extension is, for the convenience of construction, preferablyof double-.truncatedcone formation, the lower cone being provided with aseries of air pocket-s or depressions 48 (shown best in Fig. 8) and arecovered on the inner side by slotted plates 49. of such shape as to fitin depressions surrounding the pockets 4S, and each plate has at itslower end a reduced angularly-bent portion 50, tting in a socket 5l inthe upper fianged end of the fire-pot section 46, and at Plates 49 are;

the upper end is formed an eye 52 for the passage of a screw, rivet, orhookto rigidly fasten the plates in position. Y

53 represents slots in the plate which form communication with thefire-pot and the pockets 48.

The lower portion of the plates 49 are open, as at 55, to permit freeexit of the currents of air and gas, it beingvnoted, however, that mostof the air-currents und their way down the grooves 47.

. On the outside of the upper section of the fire-pot extension andpreferably intermediate the air-pockets 4S area series of airducts 57,designed to introduce currents of heated air from the top of the stoveabove the bed of the fuel at a point approximately on a line with theexit-openings 55. The two separate sets of air-currents coming throughthe ducts 57 and openings 55 entering their respective. ducts atdifferent heights are of somewhat different temperatures and veloci- Ities, which creates a plurality of resi-stances to mix the air andgases-that is to say, the air fed to the fuel through theopenings v55being nearer the re is necessarily of higher temperature than the airdelivered from above, and by the lay of the fuel the air is broken. lHence the velocity and heat of th various currents areirregular.

The top 59 of theA stove may be of any construction and is provided witha number of depending air-inlet tubes 60 and a fuel-inlet 6l, covered bya door 62. The tubes are preferably formed by a plate provided with ribsto bear against the wall of the fire-pot extension, thus completing thetubes or ducts. The tubes or ducts taper in cross-section and inclinetoward the center, directing a series of regular currents of heated airthereto, the admission of said air being regulated by a damper 63.

In the upper part of the extension of the .fire-pot is a damper 64, thepurpose and operation of which willbe hereinafter referred to.Surrounding the lower part ofthe extension and the upper sect-.ion 46 isa Waterjacket 65, having the usual inlet and Outlet pipes. (Not shown.)It is my purpose to preferably make thisfeature around the fire-potproper; but this `will be determined according to the variouscircumstances which arise in placing a stove of this character.

Between the outer Wall of the casingl and the re-pot is a space orexit-passage 4,through which the products of combustion pass on the wayto the exit-flue 6. Extending from the outer wall l and across thepassage 4 and through the section 46 is what I shall term a combinedair-introducer and sight-opening7 97. The device consists of an outerflange 68, bearing against the casing l, an inclined bevel-chute 69,having its lower end reduced to form a flange to lit snugly in thesection 46, a suitable damper being arranged at the mouth of the chuteto regulate the ,supply of air to be admitted to the fuel.

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IIS

In the exit-space 4 and below the flue 6 is a baffle-plate 70,extendingapproximately halfway around the structure, and itinclinesupwardly toward the stove-front. In the baffleplate and directly underthe iiue 6 is a darnper 7l, affording an additional means whereby theproducts of combustion may be controlled.

Approximately where the products of combustion leave the fire-pot andenter the space 4 I provide aseries of air-introducers 75, eachconsisting of anopen frame 76, which registers with an opening 77 in thecasing l, a perforated partition 7S being interposed in the frame 76 anda series of notches 79 being formed at the outer end of said frame. Ajacket 80 surrounds the frame 76 and is somewhat larger than the latter,forminga passage 8l, which communicates with the atmosphere through theopenings 82, a sheet of transparent material 83 being interposed betweenthe outer end of the frame 76 and the front of the jacket 80. The airsurrounding the stove enters the passage through the openings 82 andthence passes through the notches 79 to the interior of the frame 76,where it encounters the perforated partition 7 8, which breaks the airinto nely-divided particles. The introduction of these fine particles ofheated air at this point mixes with the escaping products of combustionbefore the smoke-gases form, which tends to ignite the unconsumedmolecules of gas and therefore produce a better grade of combustion.This structure is claimed in an application filed by me January 14,1902, No. 89,740, and allowed March 26, 1902.

The operation is substantially as follows: Fuel is fed through thefeed-opening 6l and falls into the fire-pot below. Suppose the fire tohave been started audit is desired to openthe feed-door 62. The damperG4 is opened and by so doing the smoke and gases which would ordinarilybe drawn into the room rush through the opening uncovered bythe movementof the damper to the exit-due 6. When the door 62 is closed and the fuelis sufficiently ignited, the damper 64 is closed, whereuponv thecurrents of heated air directed through the tubes or ducts enter thefire-pot, and if they cannot penetrate the body of fuel from this pointthey pass through slots in the pockets 4S, distributing air-currentsinto the crevices formed between the fuel, or out of the bottom into thegrooves 47, where the heated air is disseminated into the heat of themass of fuel,-after which the products of combustion escape from thefire-pot through the slots formed between the pendent bars and upthrough the Apassage 4 to the exit-flue. It is apparent that theescaping heat on its way to the eXit-iiue will be deflected toward thefrontv of the stove by the baffle-plate 70, and as itcontacts with thisplate it is somewhat broken and forced forward and made to travelfarther, and the consumed molecules of gas are brought into contact withthe continued supply of highly-heated air and again made more liable tolbe ignited before passing out to the atmosphere. Should the products ofcombustion in passing through the passage 4 to the exit-fine be alldirected by the bafiie-plate toward the back of the stove and cause anuneven distribution of radiant heat to the room, the damper 7l will beclosed, or almost so, and the desired equalization of the heat may beregulated. If the fire does not ignite as rapidly as the operator thinksit should and it is to be forced, the air-introducers 69 are opened andcurrents of heated air are directed into the body of the fuel, whichafter it mixes and ignites the unburned gases in the fire-pot passesinto the space 4, thence to t-he exit-Hue. This is equally so with theair introduced from the air-heating chamber 5, the various air-,currentsfrom the chamber 5 being s0 directed as to create a series ofresistances between the air and the gas in the fire-pot. For instance,the currents of air coming from -the perforations 25 strike the ring 41,which deflects the air toward the center of the fuel, and air-currentscoming from the perforations 2l in a vertical direction meet the brokenparticles of gas caused by the mixing of theupper air-currents, againcreating a mixingaction. Further than this, air-currents are deliveredhorizontally through the openings-23,

'inwhich are seated the end ofy the portable and hold eachother inposition, as shown,

most clearly in the drawings, is, so far as I am aware, decidedly uniqueand practical in theart. j

It is sometimes desirable to introduce air to and through the fuel fromthe bottom, either simultaneously with or independent of theairintroduced from the top, and to adequately supply this air a damper98 is provided in the ash-pit. When air is admitted at this point incombination with the air supply from above, the two currents meet, whichcauses them to spread and disseminate into the fuel, releasing andigniting the gases, such meeting of the air-currents beingindicated byarrows in Fig. 1.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new isl. Adowndraft-s-tove comprising a casing, a fire-pot provided with a seriesof air-pockets, detachable covers for said pockets having slots wherebyfuel is prevented falling into the pockets and the free ingress andegress of IOC IIO

the air to the fuel is not retarded, and means for securing the coversin position, substantially as described.

2. A downdraft-stove comprising a casing, a fire-pot provided with aseries of air-pockets,.- detachable covers for said pockets which areopen at' the lower ends, whereby the ingress and egress of'air tothefuel is permitted, and

means for securing the covers in position,-

substantially as described.

3. A downdraft-stove comprising a casing,

a fire-pot having a series of pockets, covers for l said pockets whichare reduced at their lower ends, seats for the reduced ends,and meansfor locking the covers in position, whereby the admission of air to thefuel is not retarded, substantially as'described.

el. A downdraft-stove comprising a casing,

a dre-pot, meansffor introducing currents of preheated air downwardly tothe fuel in the fire-pot, said air being drawnthrough the fuel under theinfluence of the draft, a plurality of air-pockets in the fire-pot, aspace being formed intermediate the re-pot and casing which communicateswith the lower end ofy the fire-pot, an exit-flue co'mmnnicatingwith thespace at or near the top of the latter and a damper in the upper part ofthe fire-pot at or near vthe exit-line, substantially as described. .f

5. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pot whichis providedwith a plurality of air-pockets, slotted covers for saidair-pockets, a series of air-introducers in the lire-pot below saidpockets and at a the pockets, pendent portable bars havingv exit-spacestherebetween forming the bottom of the lire-pot, a space being formedinter-- mediate the fire-pot'and casing which communicates with thefire-pot through the spacesbetween the pendent portable bars and anexit-flue communicating with the space at or near the top, substantiallyas described.

8. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pot madein sections, the lower section being constructed of pendent portablebars, means for independently supporting said bars, an air-heatin gchamber having aseries of air-exits surrounding the portable bars, aplate or flange adapted to deflect the air-currents coming from theair-heating chamber toward the bed of fuel, means for supplying air tothe air-heating chamber, the

upper section of the nre-pot restingl on the plate or iiangeand beingprovided with a series of air-pockets, and means at or near the top ofthe-stove forintroducing currents of heatedv air, substantially asdescribed.

9. A downdraft-stove comprising a casing, a iire-pot'made in sections,the lower section being made up of pendent portable bars, a space'beingformed between the casing and fire-pot, an air-heating chambersurrounding the portable bars, a plate or flange which supports theupper section of the lire-pot, pockets being formed iny saiduppersection, a damper above the air-pockets, means for introducingcurrents of heated air above the bed of the fuel,.and an exit-fluecommunicating with the space at or near the top, substantially asdescribed.

lO. In avdowndraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a' lire-pothaving a series of openings at its lower end, a space being formedintermediate the lire-pot andv casing, a damperat or near the top of thelire-pot, an exit-flue communicating with the space at or near the top,means for introducing individual currents of heated air downwardly tothe fuel, and means for introducing currents of air into theincandescent mass of fuel from the sides, said air being drawn throughthe fuel under the influence of the draft, substantially as described.

1l. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a lire-pothaving a series of openings at itsA lower end which communilcate with anexit-space formed intermediate the fire-pot and casin g, a perforatedair-heating chamber forming a part of the fire-pot structure,awater-jacket surrounding the outside of the iirepot,.said water-jacketbeing above and in close relation to the air-chamber,an exit-fluecommunicating with the space at or near the top thereof, and means forintroducing currents of heated air to the top of the fuel, saidair-currents being drawn `through the fuel under the influence'of thedraft.

12. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pot,having a series of slots at the bottom which communicate with a spaceintermediate the nre-pot and casing,

an air-heating chamber having air-exits surrounding the-firepot, fluesfor introducing air to said chamber, means for deflecting selectedcurrents of air coming from the chamber toward the center of the fuel,and means for introducing currents of heated air above the fuel, all ofsaid air-currents being drawn through the fuel under the influence ofthe draft, substantially as described.

13. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, affire-pothaving a series of.

openings at its lower end which communicate with a space intermediatethe casing and repot, an air-heating chamber in the space, said chamberhaving a series of air-exits to introduce heated air to the fuel, uesfor introducing air to the air-heating chamber, and

IOO

means for introducing currents of heated air above the fuel, all of saidair-currents being drawn through the fuel under the influence of thedraft.

14. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pothaving a series of openings atv the bottom which communicate with aspace intermediate the casing and firepot, an exit-flue communicatingwith said space, an air-heating chamber having airexits surrounding thefire-pot, means for supporting the air-heating chamber in the space, theinner wall of said chamber forming a portion of the fire-pot, means forintroducing air tothe air-heating chamber, and means for introducing`currents of heated air above the fuel,the air-currents beingdrawnthrough vthe fuel under the influence of the draft, sub- .stantially asdescribed.

15. In a downdraft'stove, the combination with a casing, a lire-pot, anexit-flue, an airheating chamber surrounding the fire-pot which has aseries of air-exits, means for introducing air to said chamber, meansfor iny .troducing air in individual currents to the body of the fuel,and means for delivering.

individual currentsof heated air at different levels to the top of thebed of the fuel, all of said air-currents being drawn through the fuelunderthe infiuen ce ofthe draft, substantially as described.

16. Ina downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pothaving a series of openings at its lower end which communicate with aspace formed intermediate the casing and fire pot, an exit flue, an airheating chamber mounted in said space, means for supplying air to thechamber, and a series of eXit-openin gs being formed in the chamber atdierent angles and of different sizes to deliver air-currents at variouspoints to the fuel at varying angles and proportions, said airourrentsbeing drawn through the fuel under the iniiuence of the draft,substantially as described.

17. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a tire-pot, anexit-fine, an airheating chamber having air-exitssurround ing thefire-pot, an air-heatingchamber,ducts connecting with said air-heatingchamber to deliver heated air above the fuel, and means permitting thepassage of the heated air should the mass of fuel become packed, subfstantially as described.

18.In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pot, anexit-flue, means for introducing individual currents of air to the topof the fuel, means for introducingindvidual currents of air to the fuelbelow the top thereof,a passage or passages being formed on the interiorof the fire-pot to permit the air to pass on the outside of the fuel,openings being formed for the escape of the air from the passage orpassages to the fuel, said air together with the individual currentsbeing drawn down through the fuel undei1 thev influence of the draft,substantial-ly as described.

19. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pothaving a series of openings at the lower end which communicate with aspace formed intermediate the casing and fire-pot, a iiue communicatingwith said space, an air-heating chamber surrounding the fire-pot, aseries of air-exits being formed therein to introduce air to the fuel,means for introducing air to the fuel from the top, and means forintroducing finely-divided air-currents to the products of combustionwhere the latter leave the lire-pot to enter the space, allvof theair-currents being drawn through the fuel under the influence of thedraft, substantially as described.

20. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with Aa lire-pot, Ameans forintroducing'currents of heated air to the top of the fuel, means forintroducing heated ai'r to the sides of the fuel, means for introducingheated air intermediate the two aforesaid means, and a series ofair-pockets, in the fire-pot, substantially as described. f

21. In a dcwndraft-stove, the combination witha casing, a fire-pot,jmadein sections,

the lower section being constructed of pendl ent portable bars, meansfor independently supporting said bars, an air-heating chamber having aseries of air-exits surrounding the portable bars, means for deflectingpart of the air-currents coming from the air-heating chamber toward thebedof fuel, means for supplying air to the air-heating cham ber, theupper section of the fire-pot resting onthe means for deflecting a partof the air, airpockets, and means at or near the top of the stove forintroducing currents of heated air, substantially as described. L i

. 22. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casinga fire-pothaving a series of openings at the lower end which communicate with aspace formed intermediate the casing andfire-pot, an air-heating chamberin'` the tire-pot, having a series of air-openings to in- IOO troduceheated-air to the fuel, means for inl troducing individual currents ofheated air to the top of the fuel, means for introducing currents ofheated air intermediate the means for delivering air to the top of thefuelvand the series of openings at the lower end of the lire-pot, theair-currents being drawn through thefuel under theinuence of thedraft,iand means for introducing finely-divided air-currents to theproducts of combustion after the latter leave the lire-pot'.

23. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with.arcasing, a re-pot, whichis provided with'one or more air-pockets, air-introducers located abovethe air-pockets and the bed of fuel and adjacent the' walls of thefire-pot, and a series of'air-introducers in the fire-pot .at a pointbelow the top of the bed of the fuel where the latter is. incandescent.

24. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a lire-pot,having a series of openings which communicate with an exitspace formedintermediate the fire-pot and casing, a perforated air-heating chamberforming a part of the fire-pot structure, a Water-j acket located insaid exit-space and above the air-heating chamber, an exit-duecommunicating with the space above the Waterjacket, and means forintroducting currents of air toward the fuel, said air-currents beingdrawn through the fuel under the infinence of the draft.

25. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing, a fire-pot,having a series of openings rat the bottom which communicate With a.space intermediate the fire-pot and casing, an air-heating chamberhaving airexits in the lire-pot, said chamber being adjacent thetire-pot, means for introducing air to said chamber, means forintroducing individual currents of heated air above the fuel,

all of said currents being drawn through the fuel under the influence ofthedrafr, substantially as described.

26. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a casing,la fire-pot, anexit-flue, an airheating chamber adjacent the fire-pot, said chamberhaving a series 'of air-exits, means for introducing air to saidchamber, means for introducing air in individual currents to the body ofthe fuel, means for delivering heated air-currents to the fuel atdifferent levels, all of the air-currents being drawn through the fuelunder the inliuence of the draft, and a plurality of air-pockets in thefire-pot, substantially as described.

27. In a downdraft-stove, the combination with a fire-pot havingopenings at its lower end which communicate with a space formedintermediate the casing and fire-pot, an exitflue, an air-heatingchamber adjacentthe firepot, means for supplying air to the chamber, aseries of exit-openings being formed in the chamber at different anglesand of different sizes to deliver air-currents at varying angles andproportions, said air-currents being drawn through the fuel under theinfluence of the draft, substantially as described.

f i 2S. In a downdraft'stove, the combination with a casing, of a{ire-pot having grooves therein, and being provided with openings whichcommunicate with a space formed intermediate the casin g and'i re-pot, aplurality of airpockets` above the grooves which cooperate therewith,aneXit-lue and means for introducing air above Ithe fuel, said air beingdrawn through the fuel under the induenee of the draft, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand'in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

EDWIN R. CAHOONE.

Witnesses:

FRANK SHRANDER, WILLIAM S. HOPKINS.

